First, the octave forms the "proposition", which describes a "problem" or "question", followed by a sestet (two tercets) which proposes a "resolution". The structure of a typical Italian sonnet of the time included two parts that together formed a compact form of "argument". Other fine examples were written by Michelangelo. 1250–1300), wrote sonnets, but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarch. Other Italian poets of the time, including Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Guido Cavalcanti (c. 1235–1294) rediscovered the sonnet form and brought it to Tuscany where he adapted it to his language when he founded the Siculo-Tuscan School, or Guittonian school of poetry (1235–1294). "he Sicilian sonnet alludes to songs and lyrics throughout the Mediterranean, including the Sicilian strambotto, the Provençal canso, the Spanish muwashshah and zajal, and the Arabic qasida, amongst others." "Tellingly, attempts to close off the sonnet from its Arabic predecessors depend upon a definition of the new lyric to which Giacomo's poetry does not conform: surviving in thirteenth-century recensions, his poems appear not in fourteen, but rather six lines, including four rows, each with two hemistiches, and two " tercets", each in a line extending over two rows." In this view, the sonnet should be seen as continuous with a broader Mediterranean tradition of lyric poetry. Ladha notes that "in its Sicilian beginnings, the sonnet evinces literary and epistemological contact with the qasida", and emphasizes that the sonnet did not emerge simultaneously with its supposedly defining 14-line structure. In contrast, Hassanaly Ladha has argued that both the sonnet's structure and content show continuity with Arabic poetic forms and cannot be so easily reduced to the "invention" of Giacomo de Lentini or any member of the Sicilian School. To this, da Lentini (or whoever else invented the form) added two tercets to the Strambotto in order to create the new 14-line sonnet form. William Baer suggests that the first eight lines of the earliest Sicilian sonnets are identical to the eight-line Sicilian folksong stanza known as the Strambotto.
The form consisted of a pair of quatrains followed by a pair of tercets with the symmetrical rhyme scheme ABABABAB//CDCDCD, where the sense is carried forward in a new direction after the midway break. Peter Dronke has commented that there was something intrinsic to its flexible form that contributed to its survival far beyond its region of origin. The sonnet is believed to have been created by Giacomo da Lentini, leader of the Sicilian School under Emperor Frederick II. By the 13th century it signified a poem of fourteen lines that follows a very strict rhyme scheme and structure.Īccording to Christopher Blum, during the Renaissance, the sonnet was the "choice mode of expressing romantic love." As the sonnet form has spread to languages other than Italian, however, conventions have changed considerably and any subject is now considered acceptable for writers of sonnets, who are sometimes called "sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively. "little song", derived from the Latin word sonus, meaning a sound). The term sonnet is derived from the Italian word sonetto (lit.
The earliest sonnets, however, no longer survive in the original Sicilian language, but only after being translated into Tuscan dialect. The Sicilian School of poets who surrounded him at the Emperor's Court are credited with its spread. The 13th-century poet and notary Giacomo da Lentini is credited with the sonnet's invention for expressing courtly love.
A sonnet is a poetic form which originated in the Italian poetry composed at the Court of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in Palermo, Sicily.
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